RESUMEN
Background and Objectives: The prevalence of chronic diseases increases with age, and in octogenarian elderly, a cardiorespiratory test with gas analysis is more effective in determining the risk of mortality than applying the conventional risk factors. Materials and Methods: 25 untrained non-frail octogenarian subjects (four men) performed a submaximal test with gas analysis, which was stopped after the second ventilatory threshold (VT2) was reached. The variables analyzed were oxygen consumption at the first threshold (VO2 VT1); ventilatory class (VE/VCO2); oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES); cardiorespiratory optimal point (COP); oxygen pulse difference between VT2 and VT1 (diff. VO2/HR VT2-VT1). Results: the variables were classified categorically based on cut-off points present in the literature, where the variable with the highest percentage of altered cases was dif. VO2/HR VT2-VT1 at 48%; followed by VO2 VT1 at 40%, OUES at 36%, COP at 32%, and VE/VCO2 at 24%. Chi-square analysis between the measured parameters defined that normal and altered variables were related to each other, except for the variable VE/VCO2 and OUES. Conclusions: it was found that the main altered variable was the oxygen pulse and the least altered variable was VCO2/VCO2; there was only a statistically significant difference in a pair of OUES vs. VE/VCO2 variables.
Asunto(s)
Prueba de Esfuerzo , Octogenarios , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Enfermedad Crónica , Humanos , Masculino , Consumo de Oxígeno , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
El síndrome de la fragilidad se define como un estado de vulnerabilidad que conlleva un incremento en el riesgo de eventos adversos y discapacidad en los ancianos. Es una condición cuyas causas y fisiopatología resulta compleja. Con el envejecimiento, la potencia muscular se deteriora de forma más precoz que la fuerza muscular y en poblaciones frágiles la potencia se asocia de forma más significativa con la capacidad funcional que fuerza muscular. En la actualidad, incluso en los más ancianos, los programas de entrenamiento multicomponente constituyen las intervenciones más relevantes para enlentecer la discapacidad y otros eventos adversos, especialmente aquellos donde los ejercicios de fuerza se acompañan de otros ejercicios a altas velocidades dirigidos a mejorar la potencia muscular. Además, estos programas resultan intervenciones eficaces en otros dominios de la fragilidad como el deterioro cognitivo y las caídas. En el anciano frágil, el ejercicio físico debería prescribirse de forma progresiva, con un plan individualizado y con la misma exactitud que otros tratamientos médicos (AU)
Frailty is a state of vulnerability that involves an increased risk of adverse events and disability in older adults. It is a condition with a complex etiology and pathophysiology. Skeletal muscle power decreases earlier than muscle strength with advancing age and is more strongly associated with functional capacity than muscle strength in frail elderly populations. Multicomponent exercise programs, and especially resistance exercise that includes muscle power training, are currently the most relevant interventions to slow down disability and other adverse outcomes, even in the oldest-old. Moreover, these programs are valuable interventions in other frailty domains, such as falls and cognitive decline. Physical exercise, in the frail elderly, should be prescribed with a progressive individualized plan and just like other medical treatments (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Envejecimiento/fisiología , Técnicas de Ejercicio con Movimientos , Anciano Frágil/estadística & datos numéricos , Fuerza Muscular/fisiología , Tolerancia al Ejercicio/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Frailty is a state of vulnerability that involves an increased risk of adverse events and disability in older adults. It is a condition with a complex etiology and pathophysiology. Skeletal muscle power decreases earlier than muscle strength with advancing age and is more strongly associated with functional capacity than muscle strength in frail elderly populations. Multicomponent exercise programs, and especially resistance exercise that includes muscle power training, are currently the most relevant interventions to slow down disability and other adverse outcomes, even in the oldest-old. Moreover, these programs are valuable interventions in other frailty domains, such as falls and cognitive decline. Physical exercise, in the frail elderly, should be prescribed with a progressive individualized plan and just like other medical treatments.
